State-dependent memory and its modulation by different brain areas and neurotransmitters

Authors

  • Mohammad-Reza Zarrindast Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, P.O. Box: 13145-784, Tel: +9821-66402569, Fax: +9821-66402569, E-mail: zarinmr@ams.ac.ir; Iranian National Center for Addiction Studies, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  • Fatemeh Khakpai Cognitive and Neuroscience Research Center (CNRC), Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7395-9974

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.17179/excli2020-2612

Keywords:

state-dependent memory, CA1, CeA, neurotransmitter, pharmacological compounds

Abstract

The state-dependent memory defines as a state that the retrieval of recently obtained information may be potential if the subject exists in a similar physiological situation as for the period of the encoding stage. Studies revealed that exogenous and endogenous compounds could induce state-dependent memory. The state-dependent memory made it probable to differentiate the effects of drugs per se on learning from the effects due to alterations in drug state during the task. Studies proposed the role of regions beyond the limbic formation and illustrated that state-dependent memory produced by various neurotransmitter systems and pharmacological compounds. Our review of the literature revealed that: (a) re-administration of drugs on the same state induce state-dependent memory; (b) many neurotransmitters induce endogenous state-dependent memory; (c) there are cross state-dependent learning and memory between some drugs; (d) some sites of the brain including the CA1 areas of the hippocampus, central nucleus of the amygdala (CeA), septum, ventral teg­mental area (VTA), and nucleus accumbens (NAC) are involved in state-dependent memory.

Downloads

Published

2020-08-03

How to Cite

Zarrindast, M.-R., & Khakpai, F. (2020). State-dependent memory and its modulation by different brain areas and neurotransmitters. EXCLI Journal, 19, 1081–1099. https://doi.org/10.17179/excli2020-2612

Issue

Vol. 19 (2020)

Section

Review articles

License

Copyright (c) 2020 Mohammad-Reza Zarrindast, Fatemeh Khakpai

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Authors who publish in this journal agree to the following terms:

  • The authors keep the copyright and grant the journal the right of first publication under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution license, CC BY 4.0. This licencse permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided that the original work is properly cited.
  • The use of general descriptive names, trade names, trademarks, and so forth in this publication, even if not specifically identified, does not imply that these names are not protected by the relevant laws and regulations.
  • Because the advice and information in this journal are believed to be true and accurate at the time of publication, neither the authors, the editors, nor the publisher accept any legal responsibility for any errors or omissions presented in the publication. The publisher makes no guarantee, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein.
  • The authors can enter into additional contracts for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version by citing the initial publication in this journal (e.g. publishing in an institutional repository or in a book).

Most read articles by the same author(s)