Comparative highlights on MERS-CoV, SARS-CoV-1, SARS-CoV-2, and NEO-CoV

Authors

  • Rajat Goyal MM College of Pharmacy, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana-Ambala, Haryana, India; MM School of Pharmacy, Maharishi Markandeshwar University, Sadopur-Ambala, India https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5702-0932
  • Rupesh Gautam Department of Pharmacology, Indore Institute of Pharmacy, IIST Campus, Opposite IIM Indore, Rau-Pithampur Road, Indore – 453331 (M.P.), India. Tel.: +91 9413654324, E-mail: rupeshgautammmu@gmail.com https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5580-5410
  • Hitesh Chopra Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8867-7603
  • Ankit Kumar Dubey iGlobal Research and Publishing Foundation, New Delhi, India https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4636-5382
  • Rajeev K. Singla Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab-144411, India https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3353-7897
  • Rehab A. Rayan Department of Epidemiology, High Institute of Public Health, Alexandria University, Egypt https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3852-5710
  • Mohammad Amjad Kamal Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China; King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Saudi Arabia; Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Bangladesh; Enzymoics; Novel Global Community Educational Foundation, Australia https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0088-0565

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.17179/excli2022-5355

Keywords:

Coronavirus, COVID, SARS-CoV-1, MERS-CoV, SARS-CoV-2, Neo-CoV, respiratory syndrome

Abstract

The severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS-CoV, now SARS-CoV-1), middle east respiratory syndrome (MERS-CoV), Neo-CoV, and 2019 novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19) are the most notable coronaviruses, infecting the number of people worldwide by targeting the respiratory system. All these viruses are of zoonotic origin, predominantly from bats which are one of the natural reservoir hosts for coronaviruses. Thus, the major goal of our review article is to compare and contrast the characteristics and attributes of these coronaviruses. The SARS-CoV-1, MERS-CoV, and COVID-19 have many viral similarities due to their classification, they are not genetically related. COVID-19 shares approximately 79 % of its genome with SARS-CoV-1 and about 50 % with MERS-CoV. The shared receptor protein, ACE2 exhibit the most striking genetic similarities between SARS-CoV-1 and SARS-CoV-2. SARS-CoV primarily replicates in the epithelial cells of the respiratory system, but it may also affect macrophages, monocytes, activated T cells, and dendritic cells. MERS-CoV not only infects and replicates inside the epithelial and immune cells, but it may lyse them too, which is one of the common reasons for MERS's higher mortality rate. The details of infections caused by SARS-CoV-2 and lytic replication mechanisms in host cells are currently mysterious. In this review article, we will discuss the comparative highlights of SARS-CoV-1, MERS-CoV, SARS-CoV-2, and Neo-CoV, concerning their structural features, morphological characteristics, sources of virus origin and their evolutionary transitions, infection mechanism, computational study approaches, pathogenesis and their severity towards several diseases, possible therapeutic approaches, and preventive measures.

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Published

2022-09-29

How to Cite

Goyal, R., Gautam, R., Chopra, H., Dubey, A. K., Singla, R. K., Rayan, R. A., & Kamal, M. A. (2022). Comparative highlights on MERS-CoV, SARS-CoV-1, SARS-CoV-2, and NEO-CoV. EXCLI Journal, 21, 1245–1272. https://doi.org/10.17179/excli2022-5355

Issue

Vol. 21 (2022)

Section

Review articles

Categories

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Copyright (c) 2022 Rajat Goyal, Rupesh Gautam, Hitesh Chopra, Ankit Kumar Dubey, Rajeev K. Singla, Rehab A. Rayan, Mohammad Amjad Kamal

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