Sex-specific differences in trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) concentrations before and after cardiac rehabilitation in acute myocardial infarction patients
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17179/excli2021-4366Keywords:
Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), acute myocardial infarction, sex differencesAbstract
Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) is a biomarker of cardiovascular risk and may enhance the progression of atherosclerosis. The aim of the study was to determine whether there are sex-specific differences in TMAO concentrations before and after cardiac rehabilitation in acute myocardial infarction (AMI) patients. A total of 56 participants [45/56 (80.4 %) males, 11/56 (19.6 %) females] were drawn from AMI inpatients hospitalized at the Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Graz, Austria. For the assessment of TMAO, serum samples were collected within the first day after hospital admission due to AMI and at the start and end of cardiac rehabilitation. Shortly after hospital admission due to AMI, females had significantly higher TMAO blood concentrations than males. These initially high TMAO levels remained almost unchanged in the female AMI patients until the start of cardiac rehabilitation and only reached the lower TMAO concentrations observed in the male patients after rehabilitation [female patients: TMAO (acute myocardial infarction) = 5.93 μmol/L (SE = 1.835); TMAO (start of rehabilitation) = 5.68 μmol/L (SE = 1.217); TMAO (end of rehabilitation) = 3.89 μmol/L (SE = 0.554); male patients: TMAO (acute myocardial infarction) = 3.02 μmol/L (SE = 0.255), TMAO (start of rehabilitation) = 3.91 μmol/L (SE = 0.346), TMAO (end of rehabilitation) = 4.04 μmol/L (SE = 0.363)]. After AMI, women might be at higher cardiovascular risk due to persistently higher levels of TMAO. High TMAO levels in women might decrease after cardiac rehabilitation due to cardiac rehabilitation-associated lifestyle modifications. These lifestyle modifications after AMI might also prevent increases in TMAO concentrations in men.
Downloads
Additional Files
Published
How to Cite
License
Copyright (c) 2022 Andreas Baranyi, Andreas Meinitzer, Dirk von Lewinski, Hans-Bernd Rothenhäusler, Omid Amouzadeh-Ghadikolai, Hanns Harpf, Leonhard Harpf, Heimo Traninger, Ronald Hödl, Birgit M. Harb, Barbara Obermayer-Pietsch, Melanie Schweinzer, Celine K. Braun, Dietmar Enko
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish in this journal agree to the following terms:
- The authors keep the copyright and grant the journal the right of first publication under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution license, CC BY 4.0. This licencse permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided that the original work is properly cited.
- The use of general descriptive names, trade names, trademarks, and so forth in this publication, even if not specifically identified, does not imply that these names are not protected by the relevant laws and regulations.
- Because the advice and information in this journal are believed to be true and accurate at the time of publication, neither the authors, the editors, nor the publisher accept any legal responsibility for any errors or omissions presented in the publication. The publisher makes no guarantee, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein.
- The authors can enter into additional contracts for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version by citing the initial publication in this journal (e.g. publishing in an institutional repository or in a book).
