The COVID-19 vaccination acceptance/hesitancy rate and its determinants among healthcare workers of 91 Countries

A multicenter cross-sectional study

Authors

  • Mehrdad Askarian Department of Community Medicine, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Health Behavior Science Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4163-7414
  • Aleksandr Semenov Ekaterinburg Research Institute of Viral Infections SRC VB Vector, Ekaterinburg, Russia https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3223-8219
  • Ferran Llopis Emergency Department. Bellvitge University Hospital, l’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1922-1092
  • Francesca Rubulotta Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Charing Cross Hospital, Imperial College, NHS Trust London, UK https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8644-1728
  • Gorana Dragovac Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Serbia; Center of Disease Prevention and Control, Institute of Public Health of Vojvodina, Novi Sad, Serbia https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9243-7522
  • Natalia Pshenichnaya Clinical Department of Infectious Pathology, Central Research Institute of Epidemiology, Moscow, Russia https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2570-711X
  • Ojan Assadian Regional Hospital Wiener Neustadt, Austria; Institute of Skin Integrity and Infection Prevention, University of Huddersfield, UK https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0129-8761
  • Yvon Ruch Department of Infectious Diseases, Strasbourg University Hospital, Strasbourg, France https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4713-9478
  • Zahra Shayan Trauma Research Center, Department of Biostatistics, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3172-6862
  • Cristobal Padilla Fortunatti School of Nursing, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Santiago, Chile https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5452-8415
  • Daniel Lucey Department of Infectious Diseases, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1027-1926
  • Abdullah Almohaizeie King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Alfaisal University Riyadh, Saudi Arabia https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4920-3741
  • Abu Hena Mostafa Kamal Department of Anaesthesiology & ICU, Rajshahi Medical College Hospital, Rajshahi, Bangladesh https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0550-4182
  • Adenike Ogunshe Applied Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, University of Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7741-9104
  • Aidos Konkayev Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Astana Medical University, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan; National Centre of Traumatology and Orthopedia named by Batpenov, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3778-7877
  • Asim Beg Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1788-5349
  • Enzo Primerano Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Polyclinic of Monza, Monza, Italy https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4256-4117
  • Fatma Amer Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6684-0107
  • Hema Prakash Kumari Pilli Department of Microbiology, GITAM Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, GITAM, Deemed to be University, Visakhapatnam, India https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1281-8582
  • Ivan Hung Department of Infectious Diseases; Gastroenterology & Hepatology, The University of Hong Kong https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1556-2538
  • Folusakin Ayoade Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3680-1278
  • Jean Yves Lefrant Department of Anaesthesia, Critical Care Emergency and Pain Medicine, University Hospital of Nimes, Montpellier University, Nimes, France https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7774-2497
  • Joanna Zajkowska Department of Infectious Diseases and Neuroinfections, Medical University in Biaøystok, Poland https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5695-1652
  • Jordi Rello CRIPS, Vall Hebron Institute of Research (VHIR) & CHRU Nimes, Nimes, France https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0676-6210
  • Momin Kazi Research Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8253-1777
  • Mohammad Hossein Taghrir Trauma Research Center, Shahid Rajaee (Emtiaz) Trauma Hospital, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran, Postal code: 7143838167, Phone: +989107031235, E-mail: Mhtaghrir@gmail.com https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2293-0383
  • Stijn Blot Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2145-0345
  • Stephen Leib Institute for Infectious Diseases, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1106-6123
  • Parisa Hosseinpour School of Medicine, Islamic Azad University, Kazeroun branch, Kazeroun, Iran https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8879-3946
  • Hamidreza Hosseinpour Department of Surgery, Shiraz Laparoscopic Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7694-1884
  • Amirhossein Erfani Thoracic and Vascular Surgery Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9065-5083
  • Roham Borazjani Trauma Research Center, Shahid Rajaee (Emtiaz) Trauma Hospital, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5391-2490
  • Hossein Akbarialiabad Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2018-6378
  • Masoud Najafi Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4896-8577
  • Ardalan Askarian Student, College of Arts & Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0759-1267
  • Hakan Erdem ID-IRI Lead Coordinator, Ankara, Turkey https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6265-5227

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.17179/excli2021-4439

Keywords:

COVID-19, COVID-19 Vaccines, Human Development Index, HDI, Health Personnel, Vaccination Coverage

Abstract

The aim of this study was to investigate the COVID-19 vaccination acceptance rate and its determinants among healthcare workers in a multicenter study. This was a cross-sectional multi-center survey conducted from February 5 to April 29, 2021. The questionnaire consisted of 26 items in 6 subscales. The English version of the questionnaire was translated into seven languages and distributed through Google Forms using snowball sampling; a colleague in each country was responsible for the forward and backward translation, and also the distribution of the questionnaire. A forward stepwise logistic regression was utilized to explore the variables and questionnaire factors tied to the intention to COVID-19 vaccination. 4630 participants from 91 countries completed the questionnaire. According to the United Nations Development Program 2020, 43.6 % of participants were from low Human Development Index (HDI) regions, 48.3 % high and very high, and 8.1 % from medium. The overall vaccination hesitancy rate was 37 %. Three out of six factors of the questionnaire were significantly related to intention to the vaccination. While ‘Perceived benefits of the COVID-19 vaccination’ (OR: 3.82, p-value<0.001) and ‘Prosocial norms’ (OR: 5.18, p-value<0.001) were associated with vaccination acceptance, ‘The vaccine safety/cost concerns’ with OR: 3.52, p-value<0.001 was tied to vaccination hesitancy. Medical doctors and pharmacists were more willing to take the vaccine in comparison to others. Importantly, HDI with OR: 12.28, 95 % CI: 6.10-24.72 was a strong positive determinant of COVID-19 vaccination acceptance. This study highlighted the vaccination hesitancy rate of 37 % in our sample among HCWs. Increasing awareness regarding vaccination benefits, confronting the misinformation, and strengthening the prosocial norms would be the primary domains for maximizing the vaccination coverage. The study also showed that the HDI is strongly associated with the vaccination acceptance/hesitancy, in a way that those living in low HDI contexts are more hesitant to receive the vaccine.

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Published

2022-01-06

How to Cite

Askarian, M., Semenov, A., Llopis, F., Rubulotta, F., Dragovac, G., Pshenichnaya, N., Assadian, O., Ruch, Y., Shayan, Z., Padilla Fortunatti, C., Lucey, D., Almohaizeie, A., Kamal, A. H. M., Ogunshe, A., Konkayev, A., Beg, A., Primerano, E., Amer, F., Kumari Pilli, H. P., Hung, I., Ayoade, F., Lefrant, J. Y., Zajkowska, J., Rello, J., Kazi, M., Taghrir, M. H., Blot, S., Leib, S., Hosseinpour, P., Hosseinpour, H., Erfani, A., Borazjani, R., Akbarialiabad, H., Najafi, M., Askarian, A., & Erdem, H. (2022). The COVID-19 vaccination acceptance/hesitancy rate and its determinants among healthcare workers of 91 Countries: A multicenter cross-sectional study. EXCLI Journal, 21, 93–103. https://doi.org/10.17179/excli2021-4439

Issue

Vol. 21 (2022)

Section

Original articles

Categories

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Copyright (c) 2022 Mehrdad Askarian, Aleksandr Semenov, Ferran Llopis, Francesca Rubulotta, Gorana Dragovac, Natalia Pshenichnaya, Ojan Assadian, Yvon Ruch, Zahra Shayan, Cristobal Padilla Fortunatti, Daniel Lucey, Abdullah Almohaizeie, Abu Hena Mostafa Kamal, Adenike Ogunshe, Aidos Konkayev, Asim Beg, Enzo Primerano, Fatma Amer, Hema Prakash Kumari Pilli, Ivan Hung, Folusakin Ayoade, Jean Yves Lefrant, Joanna Zajkowska, Jordi Rello, Momin Kazi, Mohammad Hossein Taghrir, Stijn Blot, Stephen Leib, Parisa Hosseinpour, Hamidreza Hosseinpour, Amirhossein Erfani, Roham Borazjani, Hossein Akbarialiabad, Masoud Najafi, Ardalan Askarian, Hakan Erdem

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