Molecular alterations of driver genes in non-small cell lung cancer

from diagnostics to targeted therapy

Authors

  • Anna Grodzka Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University of Poznań, Poland https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8675-0467
  • Agnieszka Knopik-Skrocka Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University of Poznań, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 6, 61-614 Poznań, Poland, Tel.: +48 61 829 58 23, E-mail: askro@amu.edu.pl https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4424-685X
  • Katarzyna Kowalska Department of Oncological Pathology, University Clinical Hospital in Poznań, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Poland https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1965-1159
  • Paweł Kurzawa Department of Oncological Pathology, University Clinical Hospital in Poznań, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Poland; Department of Clinical Pathology and Immunology, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Poland https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2223-0291
  • Monika Krzyżaniak Department of Oncological Pathology, University Clinical Hospital in Poznań, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Poland https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0375-9920
  • Katarzyna Stencel Department of Clinical Oncology with the Subdepartment of Diurnal Chemotherapy, E. J. Zeyland Wielkopolska Center of Pulmonology and Thoracic Surgery, Poznań, Poland https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0857-2030
  • Maciej Bryl Department of Clinical Oncology with the Subdepartment of Diurnal Chemotherapy, E. J. Zeyland Wielkopolska Center of Pulmonology and Thoracic Surgery, Poznań, Poland https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6873-5861

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.17179/excli2023-6122

Keywords:

non-small cell lung cancer, driver genes, molecular alterations, targeted therapies

Abstract

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death all over the world. The majority (80-85 %) of lung cancer cases are classified as non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Within NSCLC, adenocarcinoma (AC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) are the most often recognized. The histological and immunohistochemical examination of NSCLC is a basic diagnostic tool, but insufficient for comprehensive therapeutic decisions. In some NSCLC patients, mainly adenocarcinoma, molecular alterations in driver genes, like EGFR, KRAS, HER2, ALK, MET, BRAF, RET, ROS1, and NTRK are recognized. The frequency of some of those changes is different depending on race, and between smokers and non-smokers. The molecular diagnostics of NSCLC using modern methods, like next-generation sequencing, is essential in estimating targeted, personalized therapy. In recent years, a breakthrough in understanding the importance of molecular studies for the precise treatment of NSCLC has been observed. Many new drugs were approved, including tyrosine kinase and immune checkpoint inhibitors. Clinical trials testing novel molecules like miRNAs and trials with CAR-T cells (chimeric antigen receptor – T cells) dedicated to NSCLC patients are ongoing.

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Published

2023-05-11

How to Cite

Grodzka, A., Knopik-Skrocka, A., Kowalska, K., Kurzawa, P., Krzyżaniak, M., Stencel, K., & Bryl, M. (2023). Molecular alterations of driver genes in non-small cell lung cancer: from diagnostics to targeted therapy. EXCLI Journal, 22, 415–432. https://doi.org/10.17179/excli2023-6122

Issue

Vol. 22 (2023)

Section

Review articles

Categories

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Copyright (c) 2023 Anna Grodzka, Agnieszka Knopik-Skrocka, Katarzyna Kowalska, Paweł Kurzawa, Monika Krzyżaniak, Katarzyna Stencel, Maciej Bryl

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