Intraperitoneal hepato-renal toxicity of zinc oxide and nickel oxide nanoparticles in male rats

biochemical, hematological and histopathological studies

Authors

  • Noura S. Abouzeinab Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Beirut Arab University, Beirut, Lebanon. Phone: +9613898085, E-mail: noura.abouzeinab@bau.edu.lb https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7368-734X
  • Nour Kahil Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Beirut Arab University, Beirut, Lebanon https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5524-9909
  • Najla Fakhruddin Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2719-9921
  • Ramadan Awad Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Beirut Arab University, Beirut, Lebanon; Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9193-4092
  • Mahmoud I. Khalil Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Beirut Arab University, Beirut, Lebanon; Molecular Biology Unit, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt. Phone: +96181912014, E-mail: m.khalil@bau.edu.lb https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7629-4357

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.17179/excli2023-6237

Keywords:

nanoparticles, zinc oxide, nickel oxide, hepatotoxicity, nephrotoxicity, intraperitoneal route

Abstract

In recent years, zinc oxide (ZnO) and nickel oxide (NiO) nanoparticles (NPs) have become more prevalent in commercial and industrial products. However, questions have been raised regarding their potential harm to human health. Limited studies have been conducted on their intraperitoneal toxicity in rats, and their co-exposure effects remain uncertain. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate some biological responses induced by a single intraperitoneal injection of ZnO-NPs (200 mg/kg) and/or NiO-NPs (50 mg/kg) in rats over time intervals. Blood and organ samples were collected from 36 male rats for hematological, biochemical, oxidative stress, and histological analysis. Results showed that the administration of NPs reduced the body and organ weights as well as red blood cell (RBC) indices and altered white blood cell (WBC) and platelet (PLT) counts. The experimental groups exhibited elevated levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), creatinine (CREA), urea, lipid profile, glucose (GLU), total protein (TP), albumin (ALB) and malondialdehyde (MDA), and decreased uric acid (UA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione (GSH). Histological observations also revealed architectural damages in liver and kidneys. These alterations were time-dependent and varied in their degree of toxicity. Co-exposure of NPs initially lessened the damage but increased it afterwards compared to individual exposure. In conclusion, intraperitoneal injection of ZnO-NPs and/or NiO-NPs alters biological processes and induces oxidative stress in rats’ liver and kidneys in a time-dependent manner, with NiO-NPs being more potent than ZnO-NPs. Furthermore, co-exposed NPs initially appeared to be antagonistic to one another while further aiming toward synergism.

Author Biographies

Nour Kahil, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Beirut Arab University, Beirut, Lebanon

 

 

Najla Fakhruddin, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA

 

 

Ramadan Awad, Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Beirut Arab University, Beirut, Lebanon; Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt

 

 

Mahmoud I. Khalil, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Beirut Arab University, Beirut, Lebanon; Molecular Biology Unit, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt. Phone: +96181912014, E-mail: m.khalil@bau.edu.lb

 

 

 

 

 

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Published

2023-07-09

How to Cite

Abouzeinab, N. S., Kahil, N., Fakhruddin, N., Awad, R., & Khalil, M. I. (2023). Intraperitoneal hepato-renal toxicity of zinc oxide and nickel oxide nanoparticles in male rats: biochemical, hematological and histopathological studies. EXCLI Journal, 22, 619–644. https://doi.org/10.17179/excli2023-6237

Issue

Vol. 22 (2023)

Section

Original articles

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Copyright (c) 2023 Noura S. Abouzeinab, Nour Kahil, Najla Fakhruddin, Ramadan Awad, Mahmoud I. Khalil

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