Letter to the editor

Chlorogenic acid and its role in biological functions: an up to date

Jae Kwang Kim1, Sang Un Park2[*]

1Division of Life Sciences and Convergence Research Center for Insect Vectors, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Korea

2Department of Crop Science, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34134, Korea

EXCLI J 2019;18:Doc310

 



Dear Editor,

Chlorogenic acid (CGA; (IS,3R,4R.5R)-3-{[(2Z)-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)prop-2-enoyl]oxy}-1,4,5-trihydroxycyclohexanecarboxylic acid) is an ester formed from caffeic acid and quinic acid and works as an intermediate in lignin biosynthesis (Abrankó and Clifford, 2017[1]). CGA, one of the most abundant polyphenol compounds in the human diet, consists of a group of phenolic secondary metabolites isolated from the leaves and fruits of dicotyledonous plants, which is an important component of coffee. CGA has the capacity to manipulate the taste of coffee by modifying astringent, sweet, and sour tastes, which change with the concentration (Tajik et al., 2017[33]).

CGAs are biosynthetically derived from phenylalanine following the phenylpropanoid reaction pathway, which is responsible for the synthesis of several important compounds, like flavonoids, isoflavonoid phytoalexins, coumarins, and lignin (Clifford et al., 2017[6]). There are three possible pathways projected from the p-coumaroyl CoA. Each pathway engages with the same types of enzymatic reactions, such as esterification and hydroxylation (Zhao et al., 2018[49]). These compounds protect plant tissues from damage by oxidative stress, pathogen infection, and wounds. They are also used to mediate animal health (Telles et al., 2017[35]). CGA has a broader range of potential biological properties for health benefits, which might provide non-pharmacological and non-invasive hepatoprotective, antioxidant, anti-diabetic, antimicrobial, anticarcinogenic, anti-inflammatory, and anti-obesity strategies (Maalik et al., 2016[19]; Santana-Gálvez et al., 2017[30]; Tošović et al., 2017[36]; Naveed et al., 2018[24]). Here, we summarize recent literature on the effects of CGAs on different features of health (Table 1(Tab. 1); References in Table 1: Bao et al., 2018[2]; Chen et al., 2017[3]; Chen et al., 2018[4]; Cheng et al., 2019[5]; Ding et al., 2017[7]; Gao et al., 2018[4]; Guo and Li, 2017[9]; Huang et al., 2017[10]; Kaneda et al., 2018[11]; Kato et al., 2018[12]; Kim et al., 2018[13]; Lee and Lee, 2018[14]; Li et al., 2018[15]; Liu et al., 2017[16]; Lou et al., 2016[17]; Ma et al., 2018[18]; Martínez et al., 2017[20]; Mei et al., 2018[21]; Miao et al., 2017[22]; Moghadam et al., 2017[23]; Nguyen et al., 2017[25]; Park et al., 2017[26]; Pereira et al., 2018[27]; Refolo et al., 2018[28]; Sanchez et al., 2017[29]; Siebert et al., 2018[31]; Song et al., 2018[32]; Tan et al., 2016[34]; Vukelić et al., 2018[37]; Wang et al., 2016[38]; Wei et al., 2018[39]; Xue et al., 2017[40]; Yamagata et al., 2018[41]; Yan et al., 2017[42]; Yan et al., 2018[43]; Yang et al., 2017[44]; Ye et al., 2016[45]; Yuan et al., 2017[46]; Yun and Lee, 2017[47]; Zhang et al., 2017[48]; Zhou et al., 2016[50]; Zhu et al., 2018[51]).

Acknowledgements

This work was supported by a grant from the Next-Generation BioGreen 21 Program (SSAC, Project #. PJ013328)" Rural Development Administration, Republic of Korea.

Conflict of interest

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

 

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Table 1: Recent studies of the biological and pharmacological activities of chlorogenic acid

[*] Corresponding Author:

Sang Un Park, Department of Crop Science, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34134, Korea; Tel.: +82-42-821-5730, Fax: +82-42-822-2631, eMail: supark@cnu.ac.kr